China's Xi Jinping and Ukraine's Viktor Yanukovych will attend but many in west have been put off by Russian anti-gay laws
There will be no Barack Obama, no David Cameron and no Angela Merkel in the stadium when the Winter Olympics open in Sochi on Friday, but Vladimir Putin will have the company of the embattled leader of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych, and the president of South Ossetia, a tiny breakaway state recognised as independent by Russia.
The Kremlin hoped to see dozens of world leaders at the opening ceremony, but many in the west have been put off by controversy in the buildup to the Games, notably Russia's new laws banning "gay propaganda".
However, China's president, Xi Jinping, Japan's Shinzo Abe and Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdoğan are expected to attend, as is the UN secretary-general, Ban Ki-moon.
Thomas Bach, the head of the International Olympic Committee, hit out at foreign leaders boycotting the Games, accusing them of making an "ostentatious gesture" that "costs nothing but makes international headlines".
Bach, speaking in front of Putin and IOC officials from around the world, said: "We are grateful to those who respect the fact that sport can only contribute to the development of peace if it's not used as a stage for political dissent, or for trying to score points in internal or external contexts."
He spoke caustically of those who decided not to attend the Olympics, saying that their "contribution to the fight for a good cause consisted of publicly declining invitations they had not even received".
In a clear rebuke to Russia over its anti-gay laws, the US is sending a delegation that includes three openly gay athletes – the tennis legend Billie Jean King, the 2006 Olympic ice hockey medallist Caitlin Cahow and the figure skater Brian Boitano.
Norway announced that its health minister, Bent Hoeie, would head its official delegation to the Paralympics, which begin in March, and would travel with his husband.
Italy and the Netherlands are among the few European countries to send high-level representation to Sochi. The Italian prime minister, Enrico Letta, will attend the opening ceremony, as will the Dutch king, Willem-Alexander. The Dutch prime minister, Mark Rutte, is due to meet Putin in Sochi, despite a highly turbulent year for Dutch-Russian relations and calls from the country's gay community to boycott the Games.
Protests against Russia's gay laws are expected in cities across the world on Wednesday.
Alexander Lukashenko, the president of Belarus, is likely to attend the ceremony. He shares Putin's passion for ice hockey and took part in a practice match with Putin at the Olympic hockey arena last month.
Yanukovych is likely to meet Putin at some point in the coming days, according to the Russian president's spokesman. Yanukovych's decision to abandon European integration and pursue closer integration with Russia sparked the anti-government protests that have rocked Kiev for the past two months.
A spokeswoman for Leonid Tibilov, the president of South Ossetia, said he had been invited to the opening ceremony and to a reception for heads of state. Russia recognised South Ossetia as independent in the aftermath of the 2008 war with Georgia, but the territory is not allowed to compete in the Games.
At the same time Russia also recognised Abkhazia, another breakaway province of Georgia, which has a border a few miles from Sochi. Georgia has not sent a government delegation to the Games in protest, but is sending four athletes.
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